How a Turbine Blade Is Made

Primary process: Investment Casting. The full route, materials, tolerances and design tips for a turbine blade, with an indicative cost.

Investment CastingPrimary process
CastingFamily
8Route steps
+/-0.2mmTypical tol.

A turbine blade is primarily made by Investment Casting. Investment casting builds a wax pattern, coats it in a ceramic shell, melts the wax out, then pours metal into the cavity. It gives near-net shape with fine detail. Below is the full route to make a turbine blade, the materials it suits, the tolerances to expect and the main design points. The route is free, from the finder.

Step by step

How a turbine blade is made

The usual route, raw material to finished part. The amber step is where the turbine blade gets its basic shape.

  1. Alloy and tooling

    Choose the casting alloy for the turbine blade and make the pattern or metal die that forms the cavity.
  2. Investment Casting

    Melt the metal and pour it into the mould, then let the turbine blade solidify and cool.
    Tooling Medium to high   Tolerance ±0.1 to 0.5mm   Lead 3 to 8 weeks
  3. Fettling and cleaning

    Cut off the gates and risers, grind away the flash, and clean the raw casting.
  4. Machining

    Machine the mating faces, bores and datum surfaces to final tolerance: the as-cast surface is too rough for close fits.
    Tooling None   Tolerance ±0.125mm, to ±0.025mm   Lead 1 to 10 days
  5. Hole making

    Drill, ream and tap the fixing and functional holes.
    Tooling None   Tolerance ±0.05 to 0.2mm   Lead hours to days
  6. Heat treatment

    Stress-relieve or harden the turbine blade to reach the strength and hardness the design needs.
    Tooling n/a   Tolerance can distort   Lead days
  7. Surface finish

    Plate, anodise or powder coat for corrosion resistance and appearance.
    Tooling Low   Tolerance adds 0.05 to 0.2mm   Lead days
  8. Inspection

    Check critical dimensions and, for any part that holds pressure, leak-test before it ships.

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Precision

Tolerances to expect

TYPICAL TOLERANCE IT CAN HOLD
+/-0.2mm typicalcoarsefine+/-1mm+/-0.1mm+/-0.01mm+/-0.005mm
Where this process typically lands. Tighter is possible with extra operations like grinding, at higher cost.
Materials

Materials for a turbine blade

GradeWhy it suits this
17-4 PH stainlessPrecipitation-hardening, strong + tough
316L stainlessMarine/chemical grade, low-carbon weld
Design

Design tips

General pointers. The full design-for-manufacturing list for a turbine blade is in the dossier.

  • Airfoil tolerance blanket-tight. Tighten only root + critical sections.
  • Hand-finish all over. Finish only gas-path surfaces.
Cost

What a turbine blade should cost

Ceramic shell, pour, X-ray and airfoil finishing drive cost.

PER-PART COST vs VOLUME
one-offat volumeVolume per order, low to highCost per part
Per-part cost drops as volume spreads tooling and setup over more parts. The exact figures for a turbine blade at your volume, in your currency, are in the dossier.
MODEL EST.
$325 to 910 per part at 1 off
A rough ballpark only. The dossier gives should-cost at your exact volume and currency, with the full breakdown.
GET THE FULL DOSSIER

Everything you need to quote and source it

The free route above is yours. To actually put a number on a turbine blade and buy it well:

  • Should-cost at your exact volume in 12 currencies, with the material, processing, tooling and overhead breakdown
  • Who to source from, typical MOQ and lead time, and the exact RFQ checklist to send
  • A quote checker that tells you if a supplier quote is fair, and the red flags to watch
  • The full DFM list and a ready-to-send RFQ draft

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See also: How Investment Casting works and the full route for a turbine blade in the finder.

FAQ

Frequently asked questions

How is a turbine blade made?
A turbine blade is primarily made by investment casting. The route is: Alloy and tooling; Investment Casting; Fettling and cleaning; Machining; Hole making; Heat treatment; Surface finish; Inspection.
What does a turbine blade cost?
It depends on size, tolerance and volume. As a rough ballpark it starts around $325 to 910 per part at 1 off and falls with quantity. The dossier gives should-cost at your exact volume and currency. A model estimate, not a quote.
What material is a turbine blade made from?
Common choices are 17-4 PH stainless; 316L stainless.
What is the main process for a turbine blade?
Investment Casting. Complex, detailed metal parts needing a good finish and tight tolerances, including superalloys and turbine hardware.
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